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AGRICULTURE IN INDIA: EDITIONS AND CHALLENGES — Ramaiah Bheenaveni — Service sociology, — Osmania University, — "07 of the â € of Haidarabad. Agriculture œ of the â € is the backbone of Indian € of Economyâ – Mahatma Gandhi said five decades ago. Even today, as we enter the new millennium, the situation is still the same, with almost the entire economy that is supported by agriculture, which has the support of villages. Not only the economy but also each of us notes on agriculture for our sustenance too. Importance of agriculture: Although agriculture contributes only 21% of GDP of € ™ s of Indiaâ, its importance in ™ fabric economic, social and political s € of countryâ goes well beyond this indicator. Rural areas are still home to about 72 per cent of the € ™ s Indiaâ of 1.1 billion people, many who are poor. Most rural poor depend on rain forests and fragile for their lives. The sharp increase in the production of cereals during the round green € ™ s of Indiaâ of 70 years has enabled the country to achieve self-sufficiency in cereals and stave off the threat of famine. The agricultural intensification in 70 years to 80 years has seen an increased demand of rural work that have raised rural wages and, together with degli'alimenti diminuenti prices, reduced rural poverty. Continuous, though very slow agricultural development in 90 years has reduced rural poverty to 26.3 percent in 1999/00. Since then, however, the slowdown in agricultural development has become a topic of major concern. The yields of rice € ™ s of Indiaâ are one third of the € ™ s of Chinaâ and about half of those in Vietnam and Indonesia. With the exception of sugarcane, potato and tea, the same is true for most other agricultural products. The government of India has priority on poverty reduction by raising the crop yield. However, the bold action by politicians will be required to move from the subsidy-based regime exists that is no longer sustainable, to develop a solid foundation for a highly productive agricultural sector internationally competitive ee differential. Editions and challenges This is the challenge presented taking into account the implementation of technology at various levels in the global community. The need is not the time the application of technology but the adoption of appropriate technology, which would be suitable for the particular level of the global community. In India, farming practices are too random and non-scientific and therefore needs a certain security before implementation of any new technology. The applications of agricultural inputs to the rates uniform through the field without due regard to changes in the in-field in the states of fertility and crop land does not give the desirable results in terms of yield of the harvest. The administration of variability in-field in fertility and crop land conditions for the improvement of crop production and minimize the environmental impact of agriculture is the crux of precision. Then, the information on spatial variability in the states of condition and the harvest fertility of land are a prerequisite for approval of precision. Space technology including the promise of good global positioning system (GPS) and the close of GIS in the derivation of information on attributes and yield of crop land grants and check the second season the variables of the harvest and soil, namely say soil moisture, the crop-phenology, development, evapotranspiration, lack nutritious, disease and crop infestation dell'insetto and dell'erbaccia which, in turn, help in the optimization of inputs and crop yield and income of elevation . However widely adopted in developed countries, the adoption of precision agriculture in India is yet to take a compact ground mainly due its unique model of sealing of land, infrastructure difficult, lack of inclination of € ™ of farmersâ take states socio-economic and demographic risk. Contribution of factors to reduce agriculture: Slowdown in developing non-farm agriculture and rural: both the poorest and the most prosperous parts of the € ™ of Revolutionâ green ~ of the â € of Punjab, Haryana, Andhra Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh have recently witnessed a slowdown in agricultural development and finally cable for the suicide of € ™ s of farmerâ. Some of the factors that impedicono the rebirth of development are: € ¢ â Composition of the difficult dispendii public: Public expenditure on agricultural subsidies is ammucchiando out performance-enhancing investments such as agricultural research and extension, as well as investment in rural infrastructure and health and training of rural people. In 1999/2000, agricultural subsidies amounted to 3 percent of GDP and were over 7 times the public investment in the sector. € ¢ â Rules of excessive domestic agricultural trade: While economic reforms and trade in 90 years have helped to improve the incentive structure, the over-regulation of domestic trade has increased the costs, risks of prices and uncertainty, the insidianti competitiveness of € ™ s of the sectorâ. € ¢ â Speeches by the Government in the work, land and credit markets: More rapid growth of rural non-farm sector is forced through the intervention of government in markets factor – works, land and accreditation – and in the markets' exit, which the reservation on a small scale enterprises. € ¢ â, inadequate infrastructure and services in rural areas. The infrastructure is also a significant factor during the development but the country such as ours has not Bharat rural infrastructure which groups the availability of roads, electricity, fertilizer and pesticides that have damaged vulnerable agricultural development. Structure weak for the administration and irrigation water sustainable: ~ Ƒ of the ï Inequitable distribution of water: Many conditions lack of grounds, policy, regulatory and institutional framework for the allocation efficient, sustainable and just water. ~ Ƒ of the ï infrastructure deterioration of irrigation: Public expenditure nell'irrigazione is extended to many projects unfinished. In addition, the existing infrastructure has deteriorated quickly while the operation and maintenance is given the lowest priority. Access by inadequate land and finance: ~ Ƒ of the ï The strict regulations of the earth discourage investment rural: While the distribution of land has become less oblique in, the policy and regulations of the earth to increase the security of possession (including restrictions or bans hiring of the earth or converting it into other uses) had the unintended effect of reducing access by rural investments without land ownership and discouragement. The automation of land records has led to institutional weaknesses of light: The state government initiatives to automate records of land have reduced transaction costs and increased transparency, but also led to institutional weaknesses of light. The rural poor have little access to accreditation: While India has a large network of rural finance institutions, many of the rural poor remain excluded, due to inefficiencies in conventional financial institutions, weak regulatory structure, in the higher transaction costs and the risks associated with lending to agriculture. Administration weak natural resources: A quarter of the population of € ™ s of Indiaâ depend on forests for at least part of their lives. Genuinely a method of conservation forests is ineffective: The experience in India indicates that purely a method of conservation of natural resources the administration is not working effectively and does little to reduce poverty. Rights weak resource for communities of the forest: The area of forest is also addressed the rights of resources and weak economic reasons for the community, a legal framework and an inefficient sharer and difficult access to markets. Weak delivery of basic services in rural areas: Liability low bureaucratic and inefficient use of public funds: Despite the large dispendii in rural development, a highly centralized bureaucracy with responsibility low and the inefficient use of public funds limit their effect on poverty. In 1992, India has amended its constitution to generate three rows of local rural chosen democratic control that lead down to the villages. However, the transfer of authority, funds and officials in these local bodies is progredicendo slowly, partly due to vested interests politicians. The poor are not allowed to help shape public programmes or to judge local authorities responsible. Areas necessary measures:   1. Increase crop yield, competitiveness and rural development Increased performance: Creating a more productive, the agricultural sector internationally competitive and differential would require a change in public dispendii from grants to performance increases investment. Secondly require the removal of restrictions on trade reserved for improving the domestic investment climate and opportunities to meet espandentesi market. Thirdly, agricultural research and extension systems must be reinforced to improve access to performance increases technologies. The various terms through India suggest the importance of strategies regionally differentiated, with a strong fire on the conditions of insulation. Improving the water resource and the drainage / irrigation: Increased competition for multi highlights of the need to formulate policies of divide and the administration of water resources by providing services of irrigation. Other key priorities include: (i) departments modernizzanti drainage and irrigation to integrate the participation of farmers and other agencies in irrigation, (ii) improving cost recovery, (iii) streamlining dispendii public, with the priority to complete the schemes with higher returns, and (iv) by allocating sufficient resources for operation and maintenance for the sustainability of investments. Reinforcement of the development of rural non-farm sector: The incomes are increasing the demand for supplying fuel for agricultural products and fresh procedati high-value in domestic markets and globally, which open new opportunities for differentiation agricultural products of higher value (for example, horticulture, livestock), agro-procedante to the

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