12 Aug
Food Safety in India: Challenges and Opportunities
Posted in Microeconomy by admin No CommentsMd. Wasim Aktar * Laboratory of pesticide residue, department of agricultural chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur-741252, Nadia, West Bengal, India 1. Introduction The incomes and increasing urbanization, a domestic consumer espandentesi responsible about quality and safety of food and agricultural exports have been growing rapidly important driver for increased attention to food safety in India. But the development of effective food safety systems is impedetto by a number of factors, including: restrictive regulations on sale of government policy and weak regulatory structure for food safety, inappropriate application of current samples, a variety of government agencies concerned, Market weak infrastructure and agricultural support services. Small capacity of farmer limits of the structure of holding further to respond to increasing food security and export and domestic requirements of the SPS Agreement. The recall of food safety concerns in India will require the approval of appropriate legislation, reinforcing the capacity to enforce the rules, promoting the adoption of good agricultural practices hygiene and manufacturing, greater collective action and some investments designated. The implementation of these actions will require joint efforts by the government and the private sector. The developing nations are giving increased attention to food safety, because of growing recognition of its potential effect on public health, safety and competitiveness of the trade. The increasing scientific knowledge of the consequences of public health food dangerous, amplified by the global fast transmission of information regarding threats to public health is associated with increased food and zoonotic diseases (such as Escherichia coli and salmonella, encephalopathy cattle – spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), severe acute respiratory syndrome (SAR) and avian influenza H5N1) through the various forms of media and the Internet has intensified the awareness of consumers about the risks of food safety to new levels globally (Lindsay 1997, Unnevehr 2003, Buzby Unnevehr and 2003, Kafersteing 2003, and other Ewen 2006, Bramhmbatt 2005). The increased understanding of the effect of mycotoxins, which can contaminate the dietary staples such wheat, corn, barley and peanuts, further raised the safety of the food and public health concerns in many developing nations (Dohlman 2003, Bhat and Vasanthi 2003, Unnevehr 2003). As developing nations seek to expand agricultural exports particularly the OECD countries, many are receiving a call of alarm about the challenges of respect both the government and the samples reserved sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) in export markets (and other Otsuki 2001, Henson 2003, Unnevehr 2003, World Bank 2005th). The samples or protocols reserved the supplier have developed in protuberance during the past decade as a further means to ensure the compliance with the regulations officers, the source material filling perceived gaps in these settings and / or facilitating the differentiation of products industry or company from those of competitors. The trends relating to samples reserved increasingly tend to mix the concerns of quality and food safety (ie the recent dell'iso 22000), or have protocols that combine food safety, environmental and (work childhood, circumstances work, protection of animals) social parameters (Willems and others 2005, World Bank 2005). At the same time, the increasing globalization of commerce introduces the greatest risk of transfer of border diseases carried by food. Cases of recent episodes of illness in the United States derives from of the imported products, such as cyclospora raspberries, strawberries hepatitis A and salmonella from cantaloupe (Calvin 2003), illustrate the developing nations the potential challenges of food security that may submit in a globalized market. The weaknesses in food safety systems can have a high cost to society and the global economy. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 2.2 million people worldwide die from diarrhoeal diseases caused for a variety of bodies bacterial, viral and parasitic, which are spread by water contaminated (WHO 2006th). In India, it is estimated that 20% of deaths among children under five are caused by the disease diarroica (WHO 2006c). The outbreak of SAR in 2003 in East Asia is estimated to cause an immediate economic loss of about 2% of GDP of € ™ s of Regionâ in the second quarter of that year, although only 800 people have died from the disease (Brahmbatt 2005) .1 that the Lowy Institute for International Policy (2006) estimated that a global outbreak of delicate 'bird flu may cost the world 1.4 million lives and close to 0.8% of GDP (U.S. $ 330 billion) into economic lost. At the same time, reactions in the country to protect its citizens from the risks of food safety may also have major consequences for exporting countries. Otsuki and others (2001) have examined the effect projecting sample of harmonised dell'aflatossina € ™ s of EUâ again on the value of trade flows in 15 European countries from 9 African countries and have found that could decrease exports from African 64% (U.S. $ 670 million). Concerns about food safety are getting widespread attention in India. The rural development strategy of € ™ s of the countryâ, so a key element is the promotion of agricultural exports increased as a means of promoting development and reducing rural poverty, is coming up against the strengthening food security and samples of SPS in future markets (World Bank 2006th, 2006c). From a domestic perspective, the great national market of 1.2 billion people is undergoing rapid change. The increasing incomes, a class central growth, urbanization and the ability to read and write increased population and a highly tuned to have supplied it from international trends of information technology are generating a low value giving rise by large consumer quality and food safety. The improvement of food safety systems to meet domestic and export requirements, however, face a number of regulatory barriers, infrastructural and institutional policy. 2. OBJECTIVES (i) to examine the main driver for increased priority to attract the risks of food safety in India both in export and in domestic markets, (II), to examine the nature and effectiveness of government and confidential answers to the challenges of security Food, with special fire on farming high value, (III) to identify constraints to more effective, (iv) to examine the implications for policy v) to examine food safety special relationship with the pesticides, and vi) to discuss briefly about food safety from the point of view. 3. Types of food safety risks The risks to food safety, while they relate to health, are a number of factors. These include: (i) microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi and their toxins), (ii) of pesticide residues, food additives, drugs and hormones livestock development, (iii) environmental toxins such as heavy metals (for example cable and mercury), (iv) persistent organic pollutants (eg dioxins), and (v) zoonotic diseases (for example. Avian influenza, Japanese encephalitis, tuberculosis) (Buzby and Unnevehr 2003, Ewen and other 2004) .2 health risks associated with these agents urtano the entire chain of supply of food, from input supply to the farm to the consumer table (Figure 1). Figure 1 chain of food: Potential sources of food safety risks The common use of pesticides in modern inevitably leaves some residues on harvested for food. The potential risks to food safety in the country may be divided into three categories: 1. Biological 2. Chemical 3. Physicist While all type above risks is important from the standpoint of prevention, the focus here is on microbiological hazards and as the bacteria carried by food, which can lead to disease if the food is abused, especially for those more the risk – the very young, elderly and immune-compromised. The specific processes or practices treatment by consumers in the house were identified as being essential or critical in preventing the disease from reaching food. These practices, which impedicono or supervise the "meals" microbial contamination associated with the disease scope than food, is under the direct control of the consumer, with elimination of the acquisition. I buy, store, pre-preparation, cooking, serve and treat inventories. The failure to take measures suited to these hot spots could cause illness scope than food. 4. Pesticides and food safety The fruit, vegetables and crops of grain treated with pesticides are perceived as any risk to health and this belief with accessibility and pressures of time can all play a role in limiting the consumption of plant foods, such as the consumption of cereal grains, fruit and vegetable consumers in Asia. The World Health Organization (WHO), the fund cancer research in the world (WCRF) and many other national agencies and intergovernmental suggest that adults consume at least 400g of fruit and vegetables per day and 25-30 grams of dietary fiber per day, but the analysis of current dietary patterns around the world indicates that much the consumer is not realizing these objectives dietary, especially those who are less rich. Education of € ™ s AFICâ of the brief on pesticides, food safety and wholesomeness is intended to provide a description to actual scientific dell'edizione, to enable consumers to make the best informed choice about their diet, particularly fruit, vegetables and consumption of grains and quiet the anxieties and concerns are unjustified. Definition under the heading: The Organization for Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) defines a pesticide as the ~ â € the whole substance or mixture of substances intended for the prevention, destroy, the attraction, rejected, or control of any parasite species including pollination of plants or animals during production, storage, transport, distribution and processing the food, agricultural products or food or animal that can be administered to animals for control of the € ™ of ectoparasitesâ Natural Toxins: Subst
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